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Pesticides with known or suspected endocrine disrupting properties, mechanisms and effects on the female reproductive system in experimental animals |
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| Pesticides |
Mechanisms |
Effects in experimental animals |
|
|
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| Alachlor |
- binding and activating the estrogen receptor [64] - binding other receptors [81] |
- unknown - |
| Aldrin |
- binding and activating the estrogen receptor [55] |
- unknown - |
| Amitraz |
- interference with hormone storage and release [37] |
- unknown - |
| Atrazine |
- interference with hormone synthesis [29] - binding without activating the estrogen receptor [70,71] |
- modulation of hormone concentrations [94,95] - ovarian cycle irregularities [109-112,119] |
| Diaminochlorotriazine |
- binding without activating the estrogen receptor [70,71] |
- unknown - |
| Dicofol |
- unknown - |
- impaired fertility [127] |
| Dieldrin |
- binding and activating the estrogen receptor [31,59-61] - binding other receptors [31] |
- unknown - |
| Biphenol |
- binding other receptors [74,79,80] |
- unknown - |
| Dimethoate |
- unknown - |
- ovarian cycle irregularities [107,108] |
| Carbofuran |
- unknown - |
- ovarian cycle irregularities [113] |
| Chlordecone |
- binding and activating the estrogen receptor [66] - binding other receptors [66] |
- ovarian cycle irregularities [103] - impaired fertility [102,104] |
| Chlordimeform |
- interference with hormone storage and release [37] |
- impaired fertility [123] |
| Chlorophenols |
- interference with overall metabolic rate [85,86] |
- unknown - |
| Chlorophenoxy acids |
- interference with overall metabolic rate [85,86] |
- unknown - |
| DDT analogs |
- interference with hormone transport and clearance [47] - binding and activating the estrogen receptor [55-57] - binding other receptors [66,74,76] - interference with the central nervous system [88,89] |
- modulation of hormone concentrations [101] - ovarian cycle irregularities [103] - impaired fertility [127] |
| D-trans allethrin |
- binding other receptors [65] |
- unknown - |
| Endosulfan |
- interference with hormone storage and release [48] - binding and activating the estrogen receptor [31,58,59] - binding other receptors [81] |
- unknown - |
| Endrin |
- binding and activating the estrogen receptor [55] |
- unknown - |
| Fenarimol |
- interference with hormone synthesis [26,27] - binding and activating the estrogen receptor [31,62] - binding other receptors [31] |
- impaired fertility [27] |
| Fenitrothion |
- binding other receptors [78] |
- unknown - |
| Fenvalerate |
- binding and activating the estrogen receptor [65] - binding other receptors [65] |
- unknown - |
| Heptachlor |
- interference with hormone synthesis [32] |
- modulation of hormone concentrations [92,93] - ovarian cycle irregularities [114] - impaired fertility [93] |
| Hexachlorobenzene |
- unknown - |
- modulation of hormone concentrations [96-98] - ovarian cycle irregularities [96-98] |
| Iprodion |
- interference with hormone synthesis [31] |
- unknown - |
| Kepone |
- binding and activating the estrogen receptor [54] |
- unknown - |
| Ketaconazole |
- interference with hormone synthesis [28,36] |
- unknown - |
| Lindane |
- interference with hormone storage and release [49] - binding without activating the estrogen receptor [67-69] - interference with hormone postreceptor activation [82] |
- modulation of hormone concentrations [94,95] - ovarian cycle irregularities [68,69] - impaired fertility [125,126] |
| Linuron |
- binding other receptors [74,77] |
- unknown - |
| Malathion |
- interference with hormone storage and release [42] |
- ovarian cycle irregularities [107,108] |
| Mancozeb |
- unknown - |
- ovarian cycle irregularities [116] - impaired fertility [116,122] |
| Methiocarb |
- binding and activating the estrogen receptor [31] - binding other receptors [31] |
- unknown - |
| Methoxychlor |
- binding and activating the estrogen receptor [31,50-53] - binding other receptors [74] - interference with the central nervous system [88,89] |
- modulation of hormone concentrations [99,100] - impaired fertility [100,102,104,124] |
| Methomyl |
- interference with hormone synthesis [31] |
- unknown - |
| Methyl parathion |
- unknown - |
- ovarian cycle irregularities [105,106] - impaired fertility [106] |
| Mirex |
- interference with hormone storage and release [48] |
- unknown - |
| Nonylphenol |
- binding and activating the estrogen receptor [63] |
- unknown - |
| Organochlorine compounds |
- interference with overal metabolic rate [85,86] |
- ovarian cycle irregularities [102-104] |
| Pentachrophenol |
- binding and activating the estrogen receptor [63] |
- unknown - |
| Pirimicarb |
- interference with hormone synthesis [31] |
- unknown - |
| P,P-DDE |
- interference with hormone synthesis [30] |
- unknown - |
| Prochloraz |
- interference with hormone synthesis [28] - binding without activiating the estrogen receptor [31] - binding other receptors [31] |
- unknown - |
| Procymidone |
- binding other receptors [74,76] |
- unknown - |
| Propamocarb |
- interference with hormone synthesis [31] |
- unknown - |
| Propazine |
- interference with hormone synthesis [29] |
- unknown - |
| Quinones |
- interference with overall metabolic rate [85,86] |
- unknown - |
| Simazine |
- interference with hormone synthesis [29] - binding without activating the estrogen receptor [70,71] |
- modulation of hormone concentrations [94,95] |
| Sodium-N-methyl- dithiocarbamate |
- interference with hormone synthesis [33] |
- ovarian cycle irregularities [33] |
| Sumithion |
- unknown - |
- ovarian cycle irregularities [108] |
| Sumithrin |
- binding and activating the estrogen receptor [65,66] |
- unknown - |
| TCDD |
- hormone receptor activation [83,84] |
- unknown - |
| 3,3',4,4'-tetra chloroazoxybenzene |
- unknown - |
- ovarian cycle irregularities [117] |
| Thiram |
- interference with hormone synthesis [34] - interference with hormone storage and release [39] |
- ovarian cycle irregularities [120] |
| Toxaphene |
- binding and activating the estrogen receptor [58-60] |
- unknown - |
| Triadimefon |
- binding and activating the estrogen receptor [62] |
- unknown - |
| Triadimenol |
- binding and activating the estrogen receptor [62] |
|
| Vinclozolin |
- binding other receptors [72-75] |
- unknown - |
Bretveld et al. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 2006 4:30 doi:10.1186/1477-7827-4-30 |
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