Figure 1.

Time dependent action of GnRH (leuprolide acetate) on Smad3, Smad4 and Smad7 (arrows) mRNA expression in human endometrial surface epithelial cells (HES) and isolated endometrial stromal cells (ESC). Serum-starved cells were treated with GnRH (0.1 μM) for 2 to 12 hrs and total RNA was isolated from treated and untreated control (Ctrl) cells and subjected to semi-quantitative RT-PCR co-amplifying Smads and G3PDH (lower bands) mRNA shown from a representative experiment. The bar graph show the mean ± SEM of fold change of ratio of Smad7:G3PDH mRNA expression from three independent experiments. b, c, d, and e and c' and are significantly different from a and a', respectively (p < 0.05). M = DNA marker.